## 3D Printing Optimization ### Orientation Strategy ```python def optimize_orientation(mesh, criteria="surface_quality"): """ Find optimal print orientation Criteria: surface_quality, strength, speed, support_minimization """ import numpy as np from trimesh import transformations best_score = -np.inf best_rotation = None for angle_x in range(0, 360, 45): for angle_y in range(0, 180, 45): rotation = transformations.euler_matrix( np.radians(angle_x), np.radians(angle_y), 0 ) rotated = mesh.copy() rotated.apply_transform(rotation) if criteria == "surface_quality": score = evaluate_surface_quality(rotated) elif criteria == "support_minimization": score = -estimate_support_volume(rotated) if score > best_score: best_score = score best_rotation = rotation return best_rotation def evaluate_surface_quality(mesh): """Minimize overhang angles""" face_normals = mesh.face_normals z_up = np.array([0, 0, 1]) angles = np.arccos(np.clip( np.dot(face_normals, z_up), -1.0, 1.0 )) overhang_penalty = np.sum(angles > np.radians(45)) return -overhang_penalty ``` ### Support Generation Logic ```python def generate_tree_supports(mesh, overhang_angle=45): """Generate tree-style supports""" overhang_faces = detect_overhangs(mesh, overhang_angle) support_points = [] for face_idx in overhang_faces: center = mesh.triangles_center[face_idx] normal = mesh.face_normals[face_idx] support_point = center.copy() support_point[2] = 0 # Z = 0 (build plate) support_points.append(support_point) supports = optimize_support_tree(support_points) return supports ``` ## Slicer Settings by Material ``` PLA (Standard): ├── Nozzle: 200°C ├── Bed: 60°C ├── Speed: 50-60 mm/s ├── Retraction: 6mm @ 25mm/s └── Cooling: 100% after layer 2 ABS (Strong): ├── Nozzle: 250°C ├── Bed: 110°C ├── Enclosure: Required ├── Speed: 40-50 mm/s └── Cooling: Minimal PETG (Durable): ├── Nozzle: 240°C ├── Bed: 80°C ├── Speed: 30-40 mm/s ├── Retraction: 4mm @ 20mm/s └── Z-offset: +0.02mm TPU (Flexible): ├── Nozzle: 230°C ├── Bed: 60°C ├── Speed: 20-30 mm/s ├── Retraction: Minimal └── Compression: Avoid ``` ## Best Practices - Orient to minimize supports - Use brim for warping materials - Enable adaptive layer heights - Optimize infill density by region